Tuberculosis vaccination sequence effect on protection in wild boar

The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a reservoir for tuberculosis (TB) in which vaccination is a valuable tool for control. We evaluated the protection and immune response achieved by homologous and heterologous regimes administering BCG and heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (IV). Twenty-one wild boar piglets were randomly allocated in five groups: Control, homologous BCG, homologous IV, heterologous IV-BCG, heterologous BCG-IV. Significant 67% and 66% total lesion score reductions were detected in homologous IV (IVx2) and heterologous IV-BCG groups when compared with Control group (F_4,16 = 6.393, p = 0.003; Bonferroni _{Control vs IVx2} p = 0.026, Tukey _{Control vs IV-BCG} p = 0.021). No significant differences were found for homologous BCG (although a 48% reduction in total lesion score was recorded) and BCG-IV (3% reduction). Heterologous regimes did not improve protection over homologous regimes in the wild boar model and showed variable results from no protection to similar protection as homologous regimes. Therefore, homologous regimes remain the best option to vaccinate wild boar against TB. Moreover, vaccine sequence dramatically influenced the outcome underlining the relevance of studying the effects of prior sensitization in the outcome of vaccination.     

新媒体时代公共图书馆创新服务研究——以重庆图书馆为例

随着新媒体时代的到来,人们接受信息的途径也有了全新的变化。新媒体给公共图书馆带来了机遇和挑战,公共图书馆面对种种挑战,积极创新服务,增强服务能力,提高服务水平和质量。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌贵州流行株蜂胶灭活疫苗制备

【目的】制备鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)贵州流行株蜂胶灭活疫苗。【方法】选取RA血清2型贵州流行株(RA-SS-8株)为基础菌株,依次利用分光光度法和平板计数法测定细菌生长曲线,再进行灭活条件筛选,以蜂胶为佐剂制备RA贵州流行株蜂胶灭活疫苗,并进行无菌检验、安全性检验及免疫鸭攻毒保护性试验。【结果】分光光度法测定RA-SS-8株菌液D_{600 nm}值随培养时间变化显示,细菌在0~3 h时增殖缓慢,在3~10 h时增殖趋势明显加快,在10 h以后增殖逐渐趋于平缓,随着培养时间的延长,细菌最终进入衰亡期;平板计数法结果显示,RA-SS-8株D_{600 nm}值为0.1~0.8时,该菌处于对数生长期,且D_{600 nm}值与活菌数呈现良好的线性关系;RA-SS-8株最佳灭活条件为0.2%甲醛溶液、37 ℃灭活12 h;蜂胶灭活疫苗含菌量为3.8×10⁹ CFU/mL,蜂胶干物质含量为10 mg/mL;无菌检验巧克力琼脂培养基上未见菌落生长;安全性检验以2倍免疫剂量接种雏鸭在观察期内未表现出不良反应,大体病变观察未见明显病变;免疫鸭攻毒保护性试验显示,蜂胶灭活疫苗免疫组鸭对RA-SS-8株的攻击后保护率为70%,蜂胶灭活疫苗对试验鸭心脏、肝脏组织均具有良好的保护效果。【结论】本研究成功制备了RA贵州流行株蜂胶灭活疫苗,为蜂胶灭活疫苗制备和动物免疫试验奠定基础。     

新形势下新疆农机化可持续发展研究

分析和研究了加入WTO后新疆农机化而临的机遇、挑战及对新疆农机化的深远影响，并提出了在新形势下新疆农机化可持续发展的对策。     

城市林业概述与发展趋势

随着社会经济的快速发展和城市化进程的加快,城市环境问题日益成为社会各界和学术界关注的焦点,城市林业在城市建设与发展中的地位和作用越来越受到重视。介绍城市林业的基本概念和内涵,比较城市林业与传统林业在属性、经营管理和功能方面的差别。借助已有的研究数据和成果,阐述城市林业在城市发展中的作用及其能解决的问题。针对城市林业发展的现状和存在的问题,提出现代城市林业面临的机遇和挑战以及未来发展趋势。     

浅析电子商务为农机企业带来的机遇和挑战

电子商务在全球的飞速发展带来了机构、产业和市场的根本性变革,已经成为不可阻挡的世界性时代潮流,本文探讨电子商务对农机企业的发展带来的机遇和挑战,提出了相关的对策。     

Comparison of defence ability against the white spot syndrome virus between Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Marsupenaeus japonicus

The defence ability of Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Marsupenaeus japonicus against the intrusion of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was compared after injecting WSSV intramuscularly by recording cumulative mortality, diagnosing the virus and examining variations in immunological parameters including the total haemocyte counts (THCs), phagocytic percentage (PP), plasma protein concentration (PPC), phenoloxidase (PO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. The results showed that the variations in the immunological parameters of F. chinensis and M. japonicus showed similar trends. The THCs of the two species decreased significantly postchallenge of WSSV. The virus was detected at 78 h in M. japonicus and at 42 h in F. chinensis after infection, which was in correlation with the accumulative mortality, and the variations in PO, PP, NOS and PPC in the two species. All shrimps of F. chinensis in the mortality experiment died within 66 h, much more quickly than M. japonicus, whose cumulative mortality reached 100% after 198 h. In conclusion, the immune system of M. japonicus has a stronger resistant ability to antagonize and endure the invasion of WSSV than that of F. chinensis.     

Effect of in vitro selected synbiotics (galactooligosaccharide and mannanoligosaccharide with or without Enterococcus faecalis) on growth performance,immune responses and intestinal microbiota of juvenile narrow clawed crayfish,Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823

The aim of this study was to determine the best synbiotic combination (based on growth and short‐chain fatty acids production) between Enterococcus faecalis and eight prebiotics. Based on the results of in vitro studies, E. faecalis + galactooligosaccharide (EGOS) and E. faecalis + mannanoligosaccharide (EMOS) were selected as synbiotics. A 126‐day feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of prebiotics, probiotic and synbiotics on the growth indices, In vivo ADC of nutrients, digestive enzymes, hemolymph indices and finally, biological responses against 48‐hr Aeromonas hydrophila exposure challenges of juvenile (4.13 ± 0.12 g) crayfish. The highest values of SGR (2.19% body weight day^?1), VFI (2.75% body weight day^?1), survival rate (96.67%) and the lowest FCR (2.33) were observed in the juvenile crayfish fed the EGOS‐ diet. The significantly (p < .05) highest means of in vivo ADC_OM, in vivo ADC_CP, in vivo ADC_CF and in vivo ADC_GE were measured in crayfish fed the EGOS‐ diet. The mean survival rate of Aeromonas hydrophila‐injected crayfish fed the EGOS‐ diet (56%) was significantly (p < .05) higher than those of fed the control (8.67%) and other diets (22.67–35.32%). At the levels tested, 7.86 log CFU E. faecalis g^?1 + 10 g kg^?1 GOS in the diet was considered optimum.     

毛发皮质醇激素作为慢性应激评定指标的研究进展

将毛发皮质醇激素作为反映慢性应激程度的黄金标准具有前瞻性和创新性。毛发皮质醇激素不仅可用于检测及估计动物慢性应激程度,且有助于了解动物体生理病理过程,并及时制定行之有效的健康管理策略。血液、唾液、尿液及乳汁中皮质醇激素含量作为反映急性应激程度的模型,被用于检测和建立持续的皮质醇激素昼夜循环规律研究。而毛发作为一个很好的补充模型却可以回顾性地反映慢性应激程度。毛发皮质醇激素作为反映慢性应激的生化指标不仅具有采样应激小、检测灵敏、方便的优点,而且是可遗传性状(h²=0.31),可以作为下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA轴)活性标记,进而利用其解释遗传变异对慢性应激中HPA轴活性变化的影响程度。作者综述了皮质醇激素与动物体健康的关系,慢性应激下机体调节机理及遗传适应改变,慢性应激评定指标研究进展,毛发作为皮质醇激素研究模型的研究进展,以及毛发皮质醇激素作为反映慢性应激的生化指标的限制与未来面对的挑战。     

对虾白斑综合症病毒（WSSV）囊膜表面蛋白的研究

利用生物素标记转移技术对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）和凡纳滨对虾的鳃细胞膜蛋白进行标记,研究其与对虾白斑综合症病毒（WSSV）之间的相互作用。发现分子量在50-56 KD之间的两种蛋白质位于WSSV的表面,并且与鳃细胞膜蛋白具有特异性的相互作用。根据分子量推测可能是病毒的两种膜蛋白,VP52A和VP56。